Digital skills in tourism and hospitality as a precondition for the sector resilient growth: The case of Serbia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2301025L

Keywords:

digital skills, workforce, tourism and hospitality, Serbia

Abstract

Advanced digital solutions, modern technologies and artificial intelligence have fundamentally transformed the pace of change and existing business models in the tourism and hospitality (T&H) sector. Implementing advanced digital solutions through new and improved tourism products and services can transform the customer experience while increasing the sector’s productivity and resilience. However, in order to adequately leverage advanced digital technologies, the T&H sector’s workforce must have a sufficient level of digital skills, competencies, and capabilities. Accordingly, this paper aims to assess the digital skills of the T&H sector employees in Serbia and identify the key factors that influence their level. The findings suggest that the digital skills of employees in the T&H sector in Serbia should be improved through formal and informal education in order for the sector to reposition itself in a more resilient and sustainable manner and in line with the 2030 Agenda.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abou-Shouk, M., Megicks, Ph., & Lim, W. M. (2013). Perceived benefits and e-commerce adoption by SME travel agents in developing countries: Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 37(4), 490–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348012442544

Assaf, G. A. & Tsionas, M. (2018). The estimation and decomposition of tourism productivity. Tourism Management, 65, 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.004

Banovi?, J., & Pavlovi?, D. (2021). Information and communication technology’s skills among the working population of Serbia. Economic Analysis: Applied research in emerging markets, 54(2), 118–127. https://doi.org/10.28934/ea.21.54.2.pp118-127

Bikse, V., Lusena-Ezera, I., Rivza, P., & Rivza, B. (2021). The development of digital transformation and relevant competencies for employees in the context of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia. Sustainability, 13, 9233. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169233

Bradi?-Martinovi?, A., & Petkovi?, G. (2022). Digitalne veštine kao uslov za uspešnu primenu inovacija u turizmu – Šansa ili ograni?enje za Srbiju [Digital skills as a condition for the successful application of innovations in tourism – A chance or a limitation for Serbia]. In M. Mosurovi? Ruži?i?, M. Lazarevi?-Morav?evi? & M. Paunovi? (Eds.), Nauka i inovacije kao pokreta?i privrednog razvoja [Science and innovation as drivers of economic development] (pp. 89–108). Belgrade, Serbia: Institute of Economic Sciences.

Bradi?-Martinovi?, A. (2022). Digitalne veštine gra?ana Srbije [Digital skills of citizens of Serbia]. Belgrade, Serbia: Institute of Economic Sciences.

Buhalis, D., & Moldavska, I. (2021). In-room voice-based AI digital assistants transforming on-site hotel services and guests’ experiences. In W. Worndl, Ch. Koo & J. L. Steinmetz (Eds). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 30–44), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_3

Buhalis, D., Harwood, T., Bogicevic, V., Viglia, G., Beldona, S., & Hofacker, C. (2019). Technological disruptions in services: Lessons from tourism and hospitality. Journal of Service Management, 30(4), 484–506, https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-12-2018-0398

Calvaresi, D., Ibrahim, A., Calbimonte, J-P., Schegg, R., Fragniere, E., & Schumacher, M. (2021). The evolution of chatbots in tourism: A systematic literature review. In W. Worndl, Ch. Koo & J. L. Steinmetz (Eds). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 3–16), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_1

Carlisle, S., Ivanov, S., & Dijkmans, C. (2021). The digital skills divide: Evidence from the European tourism industry. Journal of Tourism Futures, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-07-2020-0114

Cedefop (2018). Insights into skill shortages and skill mismatch: Learning from cedefop’s European skills and jobs survey, Cedefop reference series no 106. Retrieved Januar 10, 2023 from https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications/3075

Cedefop (2020). Skills developments and trends in the tourism sector. Skills panorama analytical highlights. Retrieved January 16, 2023 from https://skillspanorama.cedefop.europa.eu/en/analytical_highlights/skillsdevelopments-and-trends-tourism-sector.

ENTELIS (2020). Towards full digital inclusion: The Entelis Manifesto against the digital divide. Retrieved May 5, 2023 from https://entelisplus.entelis.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/entelis_manifesto_en.pdf

Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Peiro, J. M., & Truxillo, D. M. (2011). Overqualified employees: Making the best of a potentially bad situation for individuals and organizations. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01330.x

European Commission (2015). Digital skills indicator – derived from Eurostat survey on ICT usage by individuals. Methodology note - 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2023 from https://eufordigital.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Digital-Skills-Indicator-survey-on-ICT-usage-by-Individuals_Methodological.pdf.

European Commission (2016). A new skills agenda for Europe: Working together to strengthen human capital, employability and competitiveness, COM/2016/0381 final. Retrieved January 30, 2023 from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT?uri=CELEX:52016DC0381

Eurostat (2021). Individuals’ level of digital skills (dataset). Retrieved February 2, 2023 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_sk_dskl_i21/default/table?lang=en

Eurostat (2022). Enlargement countries – Tourism statistics. Retrieved February 6, 2023 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Enlargement_countries_-_tourism_statistics&oldid=571024#Employment_in_the_tourism_sector

Fountain, J., & Cradock-Henry, N. (2020). Tourism management perspectives recovery, risk and resilience: Post-disaster tourism experiences in Kaik?ura, New Zealand. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35(2–4), 100695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100695

Fritz, M., & Berger, P.D. (2015). Chapter 11 - Will anybody buy? Logistic regression. In M. Fritz & P. D. Berger (Eds.) Improving the User Experience through Practical Data Analytics: Gain Meaningful Insight and Increase your Bottom Line (pp. 271–304). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800635-1.00011-2

Gui, M., & Argentin, G. (2011). Digital skills of internet natives: Different forms of digital literacy in a random sample of northern Italian high school students. New Media & Society, 13(6), 963–980. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810389751

Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital na(t)ives? Variation in internet skills and uses among members of the “Net Generation”. Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x

Helsper, E., & Eynon, R. (2013) Pathways to digital literacy and engagement. European Journal of Communication, 28(6), 1–25.

Hsu, C. H. (2018). Tourism education on and beyond the horizon. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 181–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.022

Ivanov, S. (2019). Ultimate transformation: How will automation technologies disrupt the travel, tourism and hospitality industries? Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft [Journal of Tourism Science], 11(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1515/tw-2019-0003

Jakubiv, M., Prši?, M., & ?iri?, M. (2022). The effects of organizational factors on work outcomes – The role of employee resilience in hospitality kitchens. Hotel and Tourism Management, 10(2), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2202071J

Koehorst, M., van Deursen, A., van Dijk, J., & de Haan, J. (2021). A systematic literature review of organizational factors influencing 21st-century skills. SAGE Open, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211067251

Lazi?, M., & Bradi?-Martinovi?, A. (2022b). Analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism demand in the Republic of Serbia – Challenges and opportunities. In H. Hani? & A. Veljkovi? (Eds.). Izazovi i perspective marketinga [Challenges and Perspectives of Marketing] (pp. 239–248). Zlatibor, Srbija: Srpsko udruženje za marketing.

Lazi?, M. (2022). Creative industries as a driver of innovations and competitiveness – Global and national overview. In M. Mosurovi? Ruži?i?, M. Lazarevi?-Morav?evi? & M. Paunovi? (Eds.). Nauka i inovacije kao pokreta?i privrednog razvoja [Science and innovation as drivers of economic development] (pp. 129–148). Belgrade, Serbia: Institute of Economic Sciences.

Lazi?, ?., & Bradi?-Martinovi?, A. (2022a). Analysis of tourism demand in selected WB6 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. In V. Bevanda & S. Šteti? (Eds.), Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era (pp. 51–72). Belgrade, Serbia: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans. https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2021-2022.51

Leung, R. (2019). Smart hospitality: Taiwan hotel stakeholder perspectives. Tourism Review, 74(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2017-0149

Lukovi?, V. (2020). Online platforms as modern tools in tourism in extraordinary times: Case for further digitalization in Western Balkans. In V. Bevanda & S. Šteti? (Eds.), Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era (pp. 555–568). Belgrade, Serbia: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkan.https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2020.555

Mihailovi?, B., Radi? Jean, I., Popovi?, V., Radosavljevi?, K., Chroneos Krasavac, B., & Bradi?-Martinovi?, A. (2020). Farm differentiation strategies and sustainable regional development. Sustainability, 12(17), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177223

Milovanovi?, V., Chong Ka Leong, D., & Paunovi?, M. (2022). Benefits from adopting technologies for the hotel’s supply chain management. Hotel and Tourism Management, 10(2), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2202091M

Nowacka, A., & Rzemieniak, M. (2022). The impact of the VUCA environment on the digital competences of managers in the power industry. Energies 15(1), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010185

OAS (n.d.). Annex 2. Tourism as an economic development tool. Retrieved January 1, 2023 from http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/unit/oea78e/ch10.htm.

OECD (2021a). Competitiveness in South East Europe 2021, A policy outlook. Retrieved May 3, 2023 from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/competitiveness-in-south-east-europe-2021_cf2e0fc7-en

OECD (2021b). Preparing the tourism workforce for digital future. OECD tourism papers No. 2021/02. Retrieved May 3, 2023 from https://doi.org/10.1787/d465eb68-en

Official Gazette RS, 21/2020. Retrieved May 30, 2023 from https://www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/eli/rep/sgrs/vlada/strategija/2020/21/2/reg/

Oracle (2020). HOTEL 2025: Emerging technologies destined to reshape our business. Retrieved January 30, 2023 from https://www.oracle.com/webfolder/s/delivery_production/docs/FY16h1/doc31/Hotels-2025-v5a.pdf

Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine. Series 5, 50(302), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440009463897

Peng, G. (2017). Do computer skills affect worker employment? An empirical study from CPS surveys. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.013

Peng, G., Wang, Y., & Han, G. (2018). Information technology and employment: The impact of job tasks and worker skills. Journal of Industrial Relations, 60(2), 201–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185617741924

Pradhan, S., Lama, S. & Bunker, D. (2022). ICT adoption for tourism disaster management: A systematic review. In T. Huggins & V. Lemiale (Eds.), CoRe Research Paper – Open Track Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022, Australia, Melbourne.

Regional Cooperation Council (2021). Digital skills – Needs and gaps in the Western Balkans, scope and objectives for a fully-fledged assessment. Retrieved May 6, 2023 from https://www.rcc.int/pubs/129/digital-skills-needs-and-gaps-in-the-western-balkans--scope-and-objectives-for-a-fully-fledged-assessment

Ristova Maglovska, C. (2020). What do hotel guests really want? An analysis of online reviews using text mining. Hotel and Tourism Management, 8(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2001037R

Selimi, N., Sadiku, L., & Sadiku, M. (2017). The impact of tourism on economic growth in the Western Balkan countries: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 10(2), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.102.02

Snow, C., Hakonsson, D., & Obel, B. (2016). A smart city is a collaborative community: Lessons from smart Aarhus. California Management Review, 59(1), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125616683954

Tuo, Y., Ning, L., & Zhu, A. (2021). How artificial intelligence will change the future of tourism industry: The practice in China. In W. Worndl, Ch. Koo, & J. L, Steinmetz (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 83–94). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_7

UNESCO (2018). Digital skills critical for jobs and social inclusion. Retrieved February 15, 2023 from https://en.unesco.org/news/digital-skills-criticaljobs-and-social-inclusion

UNWTO (n.d.). Digital transformation. Retrieved February 6, 2023 from https://www.unwto.org/digital-transformation

Van Deursen, A. (2010). Internet skills – Vital assets in an information society. Thesis. Enschede, Netherlands: University of Twente.

Van Deursen, A., & Van Dijk, J. (2008a). Measuring digital skills – Performance tests of operational, formal, information and strategic Internet skills among the Dutch population. In D. Jurafsky, J. Chai, N. Schluter & J. Tereault (Eds.), 58th Conference of the International Communication Association, Canada, Montreal: International Communication Association.

Van Deursen, A., & Van Dijk, J. (2008b). Using online public services: A measurement of citizens’ operational, formal, information and strategic skills. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, No. 5184, 195–206.

Van Deursen, A., Van Dijk, J., & Peters, O. (2011) Rethinking internet skills: The contribution of gender, age, education, internet experience, and hours online to medium and content-related internet skills. Poetics, 39, 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2011.02.001

Van Dijk, A. (2006). Digital divide research, achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34(4/5), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004

Wu, T-F., Chen, M. Ch., Yeh, Y. M., Wang, H. P., & Chang, S. Ch. H. (2014). Is digital divide an issue for students with learning disabilities? Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 112–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.024

Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.08.005

Yang, I. T. C. (2015). Virtual CEOs: A blended approach to digital gaming for enhancing higher order thinking and academic achievement among vocational high school students. Computers & Education, 81, 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.10.004

Zaragoza-Saez, P., Marco-Lajara, B., & Ubeda-Garcia, M. (2021). Digital skills in tourism. A study from the Next Tourism Generation (NTG) Alliance. Measuring Business Excelence, 26(1), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-11-2020-0151

Downloads

Published

2023-06-24

How to Cite

Lazić, M., Bradić-Martinović, A., & Banović, J. (2023). Digital skills in tourism and hospitality as a precondition for the sector resilient growth: The case of Serbia. Hotel and Tourism Management, 11(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2301025L

Issue

Section

Original Scientific Papers

Metrics